Mammalia (classifications)
[edit]
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Name[edit]
Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758
Classifications[edit]
Linnaeus (1735)[edit]
Systema Naturae, 1st edition, 1735, [1], [2].
Regnum Animale
- Quadrupedia [= mammals, without whales]
- Anthropomorpha
- Ferae
- Glires
- Jumenta
- Pecora
- Aves
- Amphibia
- Pisces
- Insecta
- Vermes
- Paradoxa
Klein (1751)[edit]
Klein, J. T. Quadrupedum dispositio brevisque historia naturalis. 8vo. Lipsiae, [3].
Quadrupedia [= tetrapods, without the cecilians, snakes, birds and whales] [p. 124-127]
- Ordo I. Quadrupedia ungulata [p. 3]
- Ordo II. Quadrupedia digitata pilosa [p. 40]
- Ordo III. Quadrupedia digitata depilata [p. 96]
Linnaeus (1758)[edit]
Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1, [4], [5]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [6].
Regnum Animale
- Classis I. Mammalia
- Quadrupedia
- Ordo I. Primates
- Ordo II. Bruta
- Ordo III. Ferae
- Ordo IV. Bestiae
- Ordo V. Glires
- Ordo VI. Pecora
- Ordo VII. Belluae
- Pinnata
- Ordo VIII. Cete
- Quadrupedia
- Classis II. Aves
- Classis III. Amphibia
- Classis IV. Pisces
- Classis V. Insecta
- Classis VI. Vermes
Storr (1780)[edit]
Prodromus Methodi Mammalium, 1780, [7].
Tabula generalior [p. 45]
- Imperii Natvrae
- Regni Organici
- Reipublicae Animalium
- Agminis Rvbrisangvium
- Aciei Calidorvm
- Classis I. Mammalivm
- Phalanx I. Pedatorum
- Cohors I. Vnguiculatorum
- Ordo I. Primates
- Ordo II. Rosores
- Ordo III. Mutici
- Cohors II. Vngulatorum
- Ordo I. Jumenta
- Ordo II. Pecora
- Ordo III. Belluae
- Cohors I. Vnguiculatorum
- Phalanx II. Pinnipedum
- Phalanx III. Pinnatorum
- Phalanx I. Pedatorum
- Classis I. Mammalivm
- Aciei Calidorvm
- Agminis Rvbrisangvium
- Reipublicae Animalium
- Regni Organici
Pennant (1781)[edit]
History of Quadrupeds, Vol. 1. 4to. London, [8].
Quadrupeds [= mammals]
- Div. I. Hoofed Quadrupeds
- Div. II. Digitated Quadrupeds
- Div. III. Pinnated Quadrupeds
- Div. IV. Winged Quadrupeds
Boddaërt (1784)[edit]
Elenchus animalium, [9].
- Quadrupedia [= mammals]
- Terrestria [p. 42]
- Aquilata [p. 165]
Vicq d’Azyr (1792)[edit]
Système anatomique des quadrupèdes, in: Encyclopédie méthodique: Système anatomique, vol. 2, [10].
Quadrupèdes [= mammals, p. xcv-cx]
- 1. Pédimanes
- 2. Rongeurs
- 3. Aile-pieds (Chauve souris)
- 4. Taupens ou Taupes
- 5. Soriciens
- 6. Édentés
- 7. Carnivores
- 8. Empêtrés
- 9. Cheveaux d'eau
- 10. Élephantins
- 11. Tapiriens
- 12. Rhinocéros
- 13. Porcini
- 14. Ruminans
- 15. Solipèdes
Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire & Cuvier (1795)[edit]
Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire, É. & Cuvier, G. (1795). Mémoire sur une nouvelle division des mammiferes, et sur les principes qui doivent servir de base dans cette sorte de travail. Magasin encyclopédique 2: 164–190. See Gregory (1910). [11].
Mammifères
- Mammifères à ongles [p. 186]
- Ordre Ier. Quadrumanes [Boddaërt].
- Ordre IIe. Chéiroptères [Blumenbach].
- Ordre IIe. Plantigrades [new term? Insectivores, plantigrade carnivora.]
- Ordre IVe. Vermiformes [cf. “Verminei”, of Ray and Storr] (Mephitis, Mustela, Lutra).
- Ordre Ve. Carnivores [Vicq d'Azyr] (Civetta, Hyaena, Canis, Felis).
- Ordre VI°. Pédimanes [Vicq d'Azyr] (Didelphis, Phalangista).
- Ordre VIP. Rongeurs [Vicq d'Azyr] (Kangurus, Dipus, Glis, Sciurus, Mus, etc.).
- Ordre VIIIe. Édentés [Vicq d'Azyr] (Myrmecophaga, Manis, Dasypus).
- Ordre IXe. Tardigrades [cf. Brisson's “Tardigradus”] (Bradypus).
- Mammifères à sabots
- Ordre Xe. Pachydermes [new term?] (Elephantus, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Tapir, Sus).
- Ordre XIe. Ruminans [Vicq d'Azyr] (Camelus, Moschus, Cervus, Camelopardalis, Antilope, Capra, Ovis, Bos).
- Ordre XIIe. Solipèdes [Vicq d'Azyr] (Equus).
- Mammifères marins
- Ordre XIIIe. Amphibies [cf. “Empêtrés” Vicq d'Azyr] (Phoca, Rosmarus, Manatus, Trichecus [Dugong]).
- Ordre XIVe. Cétacés.
Lacépède (1799)[edit]
Tableau des divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des, mammifères, pp. 1-18. Paris, année VII [1799]. See Gregory (1910).
Mammifères
- Division I. Quadrupèdes proprement dis.
- Division II. Mammifères ailés.
- Division III. Mammifères marines.
Illiger (1811)[edit]
Prodromus mammalium et avium, [12].
Mammalia [p. 58]
- Erecta
- Pollicata
- Salientia
- Prensiculantia
- Multungula
- Solidungula
- Bisulca
- Tardigrada
- Effodientia
- Reptantia
- Volitantia
- Faculata
- Pinnipedia
- Natantia
de Blainville (1834)[edit]
de Blainville (1834), cited by Gervais in the Dictionnaire pittoresque d'histoire naturelle, Tome IV, 1836, p. 619, [13].
Mammifères
- Monadelphes
- Didelphes
- Ornithodelphes
de Blainville (1839-1864)[edit]
de Blainville, M. Ostéographie, ou, Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des Mammifères récents et fossiles. 4 vols. of text in 4to, 4 vol. of plates in folio. Paris, [14], [15], [16].
Mammifères
- Primatès
- Secundatès
- Quaternatès
- Maldentés
Kaup (1844)[edit]
Classification der säugethiere und vögel, [17].
Mammalia
- Pollicata
- Glires
- Mammalia herpethoidea
- Mammalia Ichthyoidea
- Ruminantia
Wagner (1855)[edit]
Schreber's Säugetiere, Suppl. Bd., part 5, Vte Abth., pp. ix-xxvi, [18], plates, [19].
Säugetiere
- Simiae
- Edentata
- Marsupialia
- Ruminantia
- Solidungula
- Pachydermata
- Insectivora
- Chiroptera
Gill (1870, 1872)[edit]
On the relations of the orders of mammals. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1870, 19th meeting, pp. 267-270, [20].
Arrangement of the families of mammals, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1872, [21].
Class Mammalia
- Subclass Monodelphia
- Subclass Didelphia
- Subclass Ornithodelphia
Huxley (1880)[edit]
Huxley T.H. 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 649-662, [22].
Mammalia
- Hypotheria
- Prototheria
- Metatheria
- Eutheria
Flower (1883)[edit]
On the arrangement of the orders and families of existing Mammalia. Proc. Zoo. Soc., Apr. 17, 1883, pp. 178-186, [23].
Mammalia
- Subclass Prototheria or Ornithodelphia
- Subclass Metatheria or Didelphia
- Subclass Eutheria or Monodelphia
Weber (1904)[edit]
Die Säugetiere, pp. ix-xi, [24].
Säugetiere
- I. Unterklasse Monotremata
- II. Unterklasse Marsupialia
- III. Unterklasse Monodelphia
Osborn (1910)[edit]
Osborn H.F. 1910. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. N.Y.: MacMillan, 635 p.,[25].
- Mammalia [p. 25]
- Prototheia
- Protodonta
- Monotremata
- Marsupialia, Didelphia or Metatheria
- Triconodonta
- Marsupialia proper
- Placentalia, Monodelphia or Eutheria
- Unguiculata
- Primates
- Ungulata
- Cetacea
- Prototheia
Gregory (1910)[edit]
Gregory, W.K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. V. 27. P. 1-524, [26].
- Class Reptilia [p. 464]
- Order Therapsida Broom
- Class Mammalia Linn.
- ?Subclass Promammalia Haeckel
- Subclass Prototheria Gill, Huxley
- Subclass Theria Parker & Haswell (= Eutheria Gill)
Simpson (1945)[edit]
Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85: 1–350, [27].
- Class Mammalia
- Subclass Prototheria
- Order Monotremata
- Subclass †Allotheria
- Order †Multituberculata
- Mammalia of uncertain subclass
- Order †Triconodonta
- Subclass Theria
- Infraclass †Pantotheria
- Order †Pantotheria
- Order †Symmetrodonta
- Infraclass Metatheria
- Order Marsupialia
- Infraclass Eutheria
- Cohort Unguiculata
- Order Insectivora (incl. Macroscelididae)
- Order Dermoptera
- Order Chiroptera
- Order Primates (incl. Tupaiidae)
- Order Edentata
- Order Pholidota
- Cohort Glires
- Order Lagomorpha
- Order Rodentia
- Cohort Mutica
- Order Cetacea
- Cohort Ferungulata
- Superorder Ferae
- Order Carnivora (incl. Pinnipedia)
- Superorder Protungulata
- Order Tubulidentata
- Superorder Paenungulata
- Order Proboscidea
- Order Hyracoidea
- Order Sirenia
- Superorder Mesaxonia
- Order Perissodactyla
- Superorder Paraxonia
- Order Artiodactyla
- Superorder Ferae
- Cohort Unguiculata
- Infraclass †Pantotheria
- Subclass Prototheria
Novacek et al. in Benton (1988)[edit]
Novacek M.J., Wyss A., McKenna M.C. 1988. The major groups of eutherian mammals. In: Benton M.J. (ed). The phylogeny and classification of tetrapods. V. 2. Mammals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 31-71. From Pavlinov (2006).
Mammalia
- Prototheria
- Theria
- Marsupialia
- Placentalia
- Cohort Edentata
- Order Xenarthra
- Order Pholidota
- Cohort Epitheria
- Order Tubulidentata
- Superorder Ferae
- Order Carnivora
- Superorder Lipotyphla
- Order Insectivora
- Superorder Archonta
- Order Scandentia
- Order Primates
- Grandorder Volitantia
- Order Dermoptera
- Order Chiroptera
- Superorder Anagalida
- Order Macroscelidea
- Grandorder Glires
- Order Lagomorpha
- Order Rodentia
- Superorder Ungulata
- Order Artiodactyla
- Order Perissodactyla
- Order Cetacea
- Grandorder Paenungulata
- Order Hyracoidea
- Mirorder Tethytheria
- Order Proboscidea
- Order Sirenia
- Cohort Edentata
McKenna and Bell (1997)[edit]
McKenna, M. C., and Bell, S. K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp., [28].
Class Mammalia
- Subclass Prototheria
- Order Platypoda
- Order Tachyglossa
- Subclass Theriiformes
- Infraclass †Allotheria
- Infraclass †Triconodonta
- Infraclass Holotheria
- Superlegion †Kuehneotheria
- Superlegion Trechnotheria
- Legion †Symmetrodonta
- Legion Cladotheria
- Sublegion †Dryolestoida
- Sublegion Zatheria
- Infralegion †Peramura
- Infralegion Tribosphenida
- Supercohort †Amphitheriida
- Supercohort Theria
- Cohort Marsupialia
- Cohort Placentalia
- Magnorder Xenarthra
- Magnorder Epitheria
- Superorder †Leptictida
- Superorder Preptotheria
- Grandorder Anagalida
- Mirorder Macroscelidea
- Mirorder Duplicidentata
- Order †Mimotonida
- Order Lagomorpha
- Mirorder Simplicidentata
- Order †Mixodontia
- Order Rodentia
- Grandorder Ferae
- Grandorder Lipotyphla
- Order Chrysochloridea
- Order Erinaceomorpha
- Order Soricomorpha
- Grandorder Archonta
- Order Scandentia
- Order Chiroptera
- Order Primates (Includes Dermoptera as a family)
- Grandorder Ungulata
- Order Tubulidentata
- Mirorder Eparctocyona
- Order †Procreodi
- Order †Condylarthra
- Order †Arctostylopida
- Order Cete
- Order Artiodactyla
- Mirorder †Meridiungulata
- Mirorder Altungulata
- Order Perissodactyla
- Order Uranotheria
- Grandorder Anagalida
Shoshani and MacKenna (1998)[edit]
Shoshani J., McKenna M.C. 1998. Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data. Mol. Phylog. Evol. V. 9 (3). P. 572-584. From Pavlinov (2006).
Mammalia
- Prototheria
- Theria
- Marsupialia
- Placentalia
- Edentata
- Xenarthra
- Epitheria
- Lipotyphla
- Insectivora
- Preptotheria
- Unguiculata
- Anagalida
- Macroscelidea
- Glires
- Lagomorpha
- Rodentia
- Archonta
- Scandentia
- Primatomorpha
- Primates
- Volitantia
- Dermoptera
- Chiroptera
- Anagalida
- Ferungulata
- Ferae
- Carnivora
- Pholidota
- Ungulata
- Tubulidentata
- Cetungulata
- Eparctocyona
- Artiodactyla
- Cetacea
- Altungulata
- Perissodactyla
- Uranotheria
- Hyracoidea
- Tethytheria
- Proboscidea
- Sirenia
- Eparctocyona
- Ferae
- Unguiculata
- Lipotyphla
- Edentata
Agadjanian et al. (2000)[edit]
Agadjanian, A. K., Kalandadze, N. N., Rautian, A. S. (2000). The radiation of mammalian orders: a new insight. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. (6): 69–73.
[Aгаджанян А.К., Каландадзе Н.Н., Раутиан А.С., 2000. Радиация отрядов млекопитающих: новый взгляд. Палеонтол. журн. № 6. С. 69-73.] From Pavlinov (2006).
- Placentalia
- Legion Ferae
- Cohort Carnivora
- Order Caniformia
- Order Feliformia
- Cohort Insectivora
- Order Lipotyphla
- Cohort Carnivora
- Legion Asiatheria
- Cohort Volitantia
- Order Menotyphla
- Order Chiroptera
- Order Dermoptera
- Cohort Lagotheria
- Order Lagomorpha
- Cohort Volitantia
- Legion Westheria
- Cohort Primatomorpha
- Order Primates
- Order Rodentia
- Cohort Edentata
- Order Nomarthra
- Order Xenarthra
- Cohort Ungulata
- Subcohort Proterungulata
- Order Macroscelidea
- Subcohort Mesaxonia
- Order Perissodactyla
- Subcohort Paenungulata
- Superorder Procaviamorpha
- Order Hyracoidea
- Superorder Tethytheria
- Order Proboscidea
- Order Sirenia
- Superorder Procaviamorpha
- Subcohort Ferungulata
- Superorder Paraxonia
- Order Artiodacyla
- Superorder Mutica
- Order Cetacea
- Superorder Paraxonia
- Subcohort Proterungulata
- Cohort Primatomorpha
- Legion Ferae
Pavlinov (2006)[edit]
Pavlinov, I. Y. Systematics of Recent Mammals (2d ed.) — Moscow: Moscow Univ. Publ. 2006. 297 p.
[Павлинов И. Я. Систематика современных млекопитающих (2 изд.) — М.: изд-во МГУ. 2006. 297 с.]
- Class Mammalia [p. 24, 239]
- Subclass Protothertia
- Order Platypoda
- Order Tachyglossa
- Subclass Theria
- Infraclass Metatheria (= Marsupiala)
- Cohort Ameridelphia
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Order Paucituberculata
- Cohort Australidelphia
- Order Microbiotheria
- Order Dasyuromorphia
- Order Notoryctemorphia
- Superorder Syndactyli
- Order Peramelemorphia
- Order Diprotodontia
- Cohort Ameridelphia
- Infraclass Eutheria (= Placentalia)
- Legion Edentata
- Order Cingulata
- Order Pilosa
- Legion Epitheria
- Cohort Lipotyphla
- Order Afrosoricida
- Order Eulipotyphla
- Cohort Archonta
- Order Scandentia
- Order Primates
- Order Dermoptera
- Order Chiroptera
- Cohort Anagalida
- Order Macroscelidea
- Superorder Glires
- Order Lagomorpha
- Order Rodentia
- Cohort Ferae
- Order Pholidota
- Order Carnivora
- Cohort Ungulata
- Order †Bibymalagasia
- Order Tubulidentata
- Subcohort Cetungulata
- Order Perissodactyla
- Hyperorder Eparctocyona (= Cetartiodactyla)
- Order Cetacea
- Order Artiodactyla
- Hyperorder Paenungulata
- Order Hyracoidea
- Superorder Tethytheria
- Order Proboscidea
- Order Sirenia
- Cohort Lipotyphla
- Legion Edentata
- Infraclass Metatheria (= Marsupiala)
- Subclass Protothertia
References[edit]
- Gregory, W. K. (1910). The orders of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 27, [29].